Quiz Questions 7 January 2023 (Key)

Q1. Consider the following statements:

1)The creation of antibodies against disease-causing virus guarantees immunity against a future attack from the same virus.

2)Serosurveys for the prevalence of novel coronavirus tests the presence of antibodies that are developed after an infection.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Solution:

(B)

It is sometimes thought that everyone who is infected with a disease-causing virus, and recovers, becomes immune to the disease, because they build antibodies against it.

But that is not the case.

While the creation of antibodies is necessary for the recovery process, it does not guarantee immunity against a future attack from the same virus.

Immunity comes from what are known as “neutralising” or “protective” antibodies.
The neutralising antibodies become special because they have the ability to thwart the entry of the same virus inside human bodies in the future.

Serosurveys only look for the presence of antibodies in people.

Their purpose is to find out whether a person has been infected with the virus or not, and through random testing of people, estimate the extent of spread of the disease, or prevalence, in a population group.

Q2. Consider the following statements:

1)The storage temperature for vaccines can vary, even if they are developed using same technology.

2)Polio Vaccine used in India’s immunisation programme are stored in room temperature.

3)mRNA vaccine can be developed that can be stored at warmer temperatures.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:

1 only

1, 3

2, 3

1, 2, 3

Solution:

(B)

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding Guillain Barre Syndrome:

1)Guillain Barre Syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder.

2)It is caused by bacteria or viral infection.

3)There are no reported cases of patients infected with Covid-19 showing the symptoms of Guillain Barre Syndrome.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:

1, 3

2, 3

1, 2

1 only

Solution:

(C)

In a rare complication, some patients infected with Covid-19 have been found suffering from Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS).

In India, such cases have been reported since August.

What is Guillain Barre Syndrome?

It is a very rare autoimmune disorder.

The immune system, in an attempt to kill the coronavirus, accidentally starts attacking the peripheral nervous system.

GBS is caused by bacteria or viral infection.

In the past, patients of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome showed GBS symptoms, as did those infected with Zika, HIV, Herpes virus and Campylobacter jejuni.

Q4. Consider the following statements regarding Kala-azar:

1)Kala-azar is a tropical disease characterised by irregular fever, weight loss, anaemia and swelling of the spleen and liver.

2)It is caused by a protozoan Leishmania parasite and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female sandflies.

3)India has been successful in controlling the disease outbreak and accounts for about one-tenth of the total global cases.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:

1, 2

1, 3

2, 3

1, 2, 3

Solution:

(A)

Kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical disease characterised by irregular fever, weight loss, anaemia and swelling of the spleen and liver.

It is caused by a protozoan Leishmania parasite and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female sandflies.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), globally, about 7 to 10 lakh new cases occur annually.

India accounts for about two-thirds of the total global cases, and the disease is endemic to Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

An initiative was launched by WHO to eliminate VL as a public health problem from the South East Asia region by 2020.

The deadline has now been extended to 2023.

Q5. At any time after the expiration of three years from the date of the grant of a patent, any person interested may make an application for grant of compulsory licence on patent on which of the following grounds:

1)The reasonable requirements of the public with respect to the patented invention have not been satisfied.

2)The patented invention is not available to the public at a reasonably affordable price.

3)The patented invention is worked in the territory of India by a non-Indian pharmaceutical company.

Select the correct answer code:

1, 2

1, 3

2, 3 d

1, 2, 3

Solution:

(A)

At any time after the expiration of three years from the date of the grant of a patent, any person interested may make an application to the Controller for grant of compulsory licence on patent on any of the following grounds, namely

that the reasonable requirements of the public with respect to the patented invention have not been satisfied, or

that the patented invention is not available to the public at a reasonably affordable price, or
that the patented invention is not worked in the territory of India.

Q6. Hayabusa 2 project, recently seen in news is related to:

Developing fuel cell that finds commercial applications

Asteroid sample-return mission

An orbiting spacecraft which seeks to become the first to be propelled solely by sunlight
Astronomical observatory with an extremely large telescope

Solution:

(B)

Japan’s Hayabusa2 spacecraft left the asteroid Ryugu a year ago and is expected to reach Earth and drop a capsule containing the precious samples in southern Australia on December 6.

The soil samples and data from the asteroid could provide clues to the origins of the solar system.

Hayabusa2 project:

It is an asteroid sample-return mission operated by the Japanese space agency, JAXA.

Q7. The three-drug Bedaquiline, Pretomanid and Linezolid (BPaL) regimen is used to treat:

Coronavirus disease

Hepatitis B

Tuberculosis

Measles

Solution:

(C)

At a time when the world grapples with highly treatment-resistant tuberculosis, the recently approved three-drug regimen to tackle the condition has shown a 90 per cent favourable outcome, according to a new study.

Q8. Consider the following statements regarding Aditya-L1 mission:

1)It is India’s first solar mission.

2)Satellite will be placed at 36000 km above the surface of the Earth.

3)It will be launched on PSLV launch vehicle.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:

1 only

1, 2

1, 3

1, 2, 3

Solution:

(C)

Aditya – L1:

First Indian mission to study the Sun

The Aditya-1 mission was conceived as a 400kg class satellite carrying one payload, the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) and was planned to launch in a 800 km low earth orbit.

A Satellite placed in the halo orbit around the Lagrangian point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any occultation/ eclipses.

Therefore, the Aditya-1 mission has now been revised to “Aditya-L1 mission” and will be inserted in a halo orbit around the L1, which is 1.5 million km from the Earth.

The satellite carries additional six payloads with enhanced science scope and objectives.

It is planned to be launched on the PSLV-C56 in December 2021 or January 2022.

Q9. Consider the following statements regarding Li-Fi Technology:

1)Li-Fi is a wireless technology that makes use of High frequency radio waves to transmit data at terabits per second speeds.

2)Li-Fi can work underwater, where Wi-Fi fails completely.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:’

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Solution:

(B)

Li-Fi, or light fidelity, invented by German physicist and professor Harald Haas, is a wireless technology that makes use of visible light in place of radio waves to transmit data at terabits per second speeds—more than 100 times the speed of Wi-Fi.

Li-Fi offers great promise to overcome the existing limitations of Wi-Fi by providing for data-heavy communication in short ranges.

Li-Fi can also easily work underwater, where Wi-Fi fails completely, thereby throwing open endless opportunities for military and navigational operations.

Q10. Consider the following statements regarding Sunspots:

1)Sunspots are darker, cooler areas on the surface of the sun in a region called Corona.

2)They are regions of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection.

Which of the above statements is/are correct:

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Solution:

(B)

Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the Sun’s photosphere that appear as spots darker than the surrounding areas.

They are regions of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection.