According to Article 330 of the Constitution, Allocation of seats for Scheduled Castes and

Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha are made on the basis of proportion of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the State concerned to that of the total population.

Also a member of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes is not debarred from contesting a general i.e. nonreserved seat.

The Constitution of India is the lengthiest of all the written constitutions of the world.

It is a very comprehensive, elaborate and detailed document.

Centre-state relations have been given in so much detail containing even the minutest of provisions of taxation, administration and finances.

For e.g. which taxes will be appropriated by either centre or state has been given in the constitution.

Similarly, 5th and 6th schedule areas have not only been defined and demarcated by the constitution, but also several administrative provisions like tribal advisory council; power of Gram Sabhas in those areas etc. have also been provided.

Since its inception in 1950 and till 15 October 1989, the election commission functioned as a single member body consisting of the Chief Election Commissioner.

On 16 October 1989, the president appointed two more election commissioners to cope with the increased work of the election commission on account of lowering of the voting age from 21 to 18 years.

Thereafter, the Election Commission functioned as a multimember body consisting of three election commissioners.

Any other election commissioner or a regional commissioner cannot be removed from office except on the recommendation of the chief election commissioner.

EC determine the territorial areas of the electoral constituencies throughout the country on the basis of the Delimitation Commission Act of Parliament.

Due to its federal character, the Rajya Sabha has been given two exclusive or special powers that are not enjoyed by the Lok Sabha:

It can authorise the Parliament to make a law on a subject enumerated in the State List (Article 249).

It can authorise the Parliament to create new All-India Services common to both the Centre and states (Article 312).

A State Human Rights Commission can inquire into violation of human rights only in respect of subjects mentioned in the State List (List-II) and the Concurrent List (List-III) of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution.

However, if any such case is already being inquired into by the National Human Rights Commission or any other Statutory Commission, then the State Human Rights Commission does not inquire into that case.

Although the chairperson and members of a State Human Rights Commission are appointed by the governor, they can be removed only by the President (and not by the governor).

The President can remove them on the same grounds and in the same manner as he can remove the chairperson or a member of the National Human Rights Commission.

Winter monsoons do not cause rainfall as they move from land to the sea.

It is because firstly, they have little humidity; and secondly, due to anti cyclonic circulation on land, the possibility of rainfall from them reduces.

So, most parts of India do not have rainfall in the winter season.

Absolute veto is exercised in the following two cases:

With respect to private members’ bills (ie, bills introduced by any member of Parliament who is not a minister); and

With respect to the government bills when the cabinet resigns (after the passage of the bills but before the assent by the President) and the new cabinet advises the President not to give his assent to such bills.

The President does not possess Suspensive veto in the case of money bills.

The President can either give his assent to a money bill or withhold his assent to a money bill but cannot return it for the reconsideration of the Parliament.

Normally, the President gives his assent to money bill as it is introduced in the Parliament with his previous permission.

President has no veto power in respect of a constitutional amendment bill.

The 24th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1971 made it obligatory for the President to give his assent to a constitutional amendment bill.

Among the tools available to the Speaker for ensuring discipline is the power to force a member to withdraw from the House (for the remaining part of the day), or to place him under suspension.

While the Speaker is empowered to place a member under suspension, the authority for revocation of this order is not vested in her.

It is for the House, if it so desires, to resolve on a motion to revoke the suspension.

Unlike the Speaker, the Rajya Sabha Chairman does not have the power to suspend a member.

In such a situation, the House may adopt a motion suspending the member from the service of the House for a period not exceeding the remainder of the session.

The House may, however, by another motion, terminate the suspension.

Compared to other plants mangroves differ visually especially by their famous and typical aerial roots and biologically through the ability to grow in saline areas.

Aerial roots are roots with abilities such as enabling primary gas exchange in oxygen-poor soils.

The Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 has been enacted to provide for the establishment of the Gram Nyayalayas at the grass roots level for the purposes of providing access to justice to the citizens at their doorsteps.

The Gram Nyayalaya shall be a mobile court and shall exercise the powers of both Criminal and Civil Courts.

The seat of the Gram Nyayalaya will be located at the headquarters of the intermediate Panchayat, but they will go to villages, work there and dispose of the cases.

The Gram Nyayalaya shall not be bound by the rules of evidence provided in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 but shall be guided by the principles of natural justice and subject to any rule made by the High Court.

Statement 1 and Statement 2 are not possible because these are motions that censure the government, and Rajya Sabha does not enjoy this power.

A no-confidence motion is a parliamentary motion which is moved in the Lok Sabha against the entire council of ministers, stating that they are no longer deemed fit to hold positions of responsibility due to their inadequacy in some respect or their failure to carry out their obligations.

No prior reason needs to be stated for its adoption in the Lok Sabha.