Explanation: The causes of flood in India are as follows: i.Heavy rainfall: Heavy rain in the catchment area of a river causes water to over flow its banks, which results in the flooding of nearby areas. ii.Sediment deposition: River beds become shallow due to sedimentation. The water carrying capacity of such river is reduced. As a result the heavy rain waters over flows the river banks. iii.Deforestation: Vegetation hampers the flow of water and forces it to percolate in the ground. As a result of deforestation, the land becomes obstruction free and water flows with greater speed into the rivers and causes flood. iv.Cyclone: Cyclone generated sea waves of abnormal height spreads the water in the adjoining coastal areas. In October 1994 Orissa cyclone generated severe floods and caused unprecedented loss of life and property. v.Interference in drainage system: Drainage congestion caused by badly planned construction of bridges, roads, railway tracks, canals etc. hampers the flow of water and the result is flood. vi.Change in the course of the river: Meanders and change in the course of the river cause floods. (vii)Tsunami: Large coastal areas are flooded by rising sea water, when a tsunami strikes the coast. Hence, all options are correct.

Explanation:

The Sendai Framework is a 15-year, voluntary, non-binding agreement which recognizes that the State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk but that responsibility should be shared with other stakeholders including local government, the private sector and other stakeholders. It aims for the following outcome:The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries. The Sendai Framework is the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for action 2005-2015.

Explanation:

The Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an international and intergovernmental institution, owned and managed by its Member States, for the generation and application of early warning information.

RIMES evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, to establish a regional early warning system within a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information, and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards.

RIMES was established on 30 April 2009, and was registered with the United Nations on 1 July 2009. It is owned and managed by 45 collaborating countries in the Asia Pacific and Africa Region. It is being chaired by India. RIMES operates from its regional early warning center located at the campus of the Asian Institute of Technology in Pathumthani, Thailand.

Explanation:

Sagar Vani is a software platform developed by Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, through its industry partner GAIAN Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

It is a system to communicate and help the coastal community, expecially fishermen, with advisories and warnings related to safety at sea.

It can send information in regional languages using advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities, through various platforms including multi-lingual SMS, voice calling, text services, social media, mobile apps, Radio and TV broadcast units, Cloud channels, etc.

The system is comparable to the most advanced in the world in terms of speed of delivery, omni channel capabilities and diverseness of services.

Hence, all the statements are correct.

Tidal waves are caused by the forces of the moon, sun, and planets upon the ocean water. A tsunami is a large ocean wave usually caused by an underwater earthquake or a volcanic explosion. Tsunamis are not tidal waves. Tsunamis are much more frequent in the Pacific Ocean.

Explanation:

According to scientists from Goa based National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), India’s only live volcano at Barren Island in the Andaman and Nicobar has become active again.

After lying dormant for 150 years, Barren Island volcano had erupted in 1991 and since then it is showing sporadic activity.

It is claimed that volcanoes is erupting the rising magma formed deep in the mantle due to the melting of the subducted Indian Ocean crust.

Explanation:

Statement 1: It affected mainly A&N and Odisha while also affecting AP (2013).

Statement 2: Hudhud (2014) was a strong tropical cyclone that caused extensive damage and loss of life in eastern India and Nepal during October 2014.

Statement 3: You can read more about it here (2016) http://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/11/asia/tropical-cyclone-vardah/

Statement 4: Cyclonic Storm Laila was the first cyclonic storm to affect south-eastern India in May since the 1990 Andhra Pradesh cyclone.

Source:

http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/10-killed-as- cyclone-vardah-batters-tamil-nadu-chennai-among-worst-hit/story- vuFtfTMZpzLT2QLHA5bJqN.html